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trade routes5 min readFebruary 5, 2026

Shipping to the European Union: Import Requirements Guide

Exporting to the EU? Navigate VAT, customs procedures, CE marking, and regulatory requirements for successful access to this major market.

Shipping to the European Union: Import Requirements Guide
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Exporting to the European Union

The EU represents a market of 450 million consumers. While the regulatory environment differs from the US, understanding the requirements opens significant opportunities.

EU Customs Basics

Union Customs Code

  • Harmonized customs rules across all EU member states
  • Single entry point for entire EU market
  • CN (Combined Nomenclature) for tariff classification

Import Duties

  • Common External Tariff applies to all third-country imports
  • Rates based on CN classification
  • Preferential rates under trade agreements (not currently US)

Value Added Tax (VAT)

  • VAT applies to imports at destination country rate
  • Standard rates: 17-27% depending on country
  • Paid at import or via postponed accounting
  • Recoverable for VAT-registered businesses

Import One-Stop Shop (IOSS)

  • For B2C shipments under €150
  • VAT collected at point of sale
  • Simplified customs clearance

Product Compliance

CE Marking

  • Required for many product categories
  • Indicates conformity with EU safety requirements
  • Self-declaration or third-party testing required
  • Must be in place before import

REACH Regulation

  • Chemical registration and restriction requirements
  • Applies to substances in products
  • Only Representatives needed for non-EU manufacturers

Product Categories with Specific Rules:

  • Electronics: RoHS, WEEE directives
  • Food: EU food law, labeling requirements
  • Cosmetics: EU Cosmetics Regulation
  • Medical devices: MDR certification

Documentation Requirements

  • Commercial invoice
  • Packing list
  • Bill of lading/airway bill
  • Certificate of origin (if preferential rate applies)
  • Conformity documents (CE, test reports)
  • EORI number for importer

Customs Entry Process

  • Single Administrative Document (SAD) filed electronically
  • Customs broker typically handles entry
  • Risk-based inspection selection
  • Duties and VAT paid or guaranteed

Labeling Requirements

  • Country of origin marking
  • EU languages as required by destination
  • Metric units
  • Importer/responsible person identified

Best Practices

  • Verify product compliance requirements early
  • Establish EU-based importer of record or partner
  • Consider VAT registration if selling B2C
  • Understand individual country requirements within EU
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